A Death Row Army

Stalin used penal battalions in the Red Army as an instrument of repression

House of Terror

A museum by this name opened in Budapest in 2002 to tell about two tragic periods in Hungarian history – the repressive rules of the Nazis and of the Soviets

Life Without Illusions

The Bolsheviks successfully utilized feuds, fear and servility among intellectuals to tighten their totalitarian regime and eliminate opponents like Serhiy Yefremov

Excursion to Hell

Eugenijus Peikštenis, director of the Museum of Genocide Victims, speaks about how the taboo history of Soviet repressions came to light

Museum In KGB Prison

Lithuanian authorities set up the Museum of Genocide Victims in a building once occupied by the KGB

Unwilling Instrument of the State

After luring UNR General Yuriy Tiutiunnyk to the USSR, the Bolsheviks used his knowledge and connections and later shot him as “spent material”

No Unity, No Statehood

The failure of Ukrainian elites to agree among themselves for the sake of independence in the 14th and 15th centuries led to the breakup of the Rus’ principality and incorporation of its parts into Poland, Lithuania and Hungary

Mshvidobit*, USSR!

The Museum of Soviet Occupation in Georgia is a monument to the nation's critical reappraisal and rejection of is Soviet past

The Spirit of Statehood

An unrealized project of Ukrainian conservatism

Overcoming Nihilism

Why an American decided to set up a Museum of Communism in the Czech Republic

The Stolypin Myth: Chimerical And Dangerous

The regime established by Pyotr Stolypin in tsarist Russia was largely the precursor to the Bolshevik dictatorship

Dissident Despite Death

Writer and film director Heliy Snehirov was unable to exist in the crushing Soviet atmosphere and paid for freedom with his life

Stara Samar

In the outskirts of Dnipropetrovsk, one can still find the remains of a fortress built by Ivan Mazepa at the site of an older Cossack village.

Elysium or Barracks?

Ivan Franko and his vision of the 20th century

In The Bloodlands

During the retreat of the Red Army in the summer of 1941, NKVD troops committed mass executions of prisoners not only in Western Ukraine, but also in Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, and Crimea

Ukrainian Division Continues to Fight

Most of Galicia’s men ended up in the UK after the Second World War. There is just a handful of real participants and eyewitnesses surviving who could answer the hard questions. Their lives are a lesson to be learned from history

In the East European Triangle

Prominent French academic Daniel Beauvois talks about quasi-patriotism, national heroes, distorted myths and the status of historical science in Ukraine

Raising The Flag Without Fear

Heorhiy Moskalenko and Viktor Kuksa raised the blue-and-yellow flag in Kyiv 45 years ago

Different Paths, One Independence

Liberation movements were a natural response of oppressed peoples to occupation

Convenient Murder

Raymond Clarinard: “To many French intellectuals, the Petliura case does not exist. They have never known in France what to do with Ukraine”

Free In Captivity

Valerii Marchenko chose death over submitting to evil

Genocidally Modified

Peoples that have experienced mass murders or deportations demand that guilty be brought to justice, but Ukraine continues to be shy in discussing whether or not the Holodomor was indeed genocide

Killing A People

Stanford University Professor Norman M. Naimark speaks about various interpretations of genocide and current court practice

Operation Fleet For Ukraine

An almost symbolic date was chosen to sign the “Kharkiv Treaties” in 2010 – 82 years earlier, on April 29, 1918, Ukraine's blue-and-yellow flags were hoisted for the first time ever by the Black Sea Fleet

The Price of Egoism

The states lying west of Russia could not avoid establishing a tight defense union but they failed to move beyond their own narrow national interests

Andrey Sheptytsky, Lion of Halychyna

Andrey Sheptytsky was the Greek-Catholic Metropolitan who was first met with distrust but later gained respect even from his enemies